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Within the broad category of neuroendocrine tumors there are many different tumor types, [10] representing only a small proportion of the tumors or cancers in most of these tissues [citation needed]: Pituitary gland: Neuroendocrine tumor of the anterior pituitary; Thyroid gland: Neuroendocrine thyroid tumors, particularly medullary carcinoma
Due to presence of these tumors, DIPNECH is classified as a pre-malignant condition. [1] Although there have been reports of atypical carcinoids with local lymph node involvement, there are no reports of more aggressive neuroendocrine tumors, such as large cell neuroendocrine or small cell lung cancer, associated with DIPNECH. [3]
Low-grade nodular neuroendocrine proliferations ≥ 0.5 cm are classified as carcinoid tumors and smaller ones are called pulmonary tumorlets. When neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets are extensive, they represent the rare preinvasive lesion for carcinoids known as " diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia ".
Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC of the lung), or pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (PLCNC), is a highly malignant neoplasm arising from transformed epithelial cells originating in tissues within the pulmonary tree. It is currently considered to be a subtype of large-cell lung carcinoma.
Adrenal tumor; Pituitary adenoma; The most common form is thyroid cancer. [1] Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location. [citation needed]
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is best defined separately:Neuroendocrine: Of, relating to, or involving the interaction between the nervous system and the hormones of the endocrine glands. Carcinoma: An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
Gastrinoma is the second most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), with a yearly incidence of approximately 0.5 to 21.5 cases per a million of people worldwide. [5] Gastrinomas are located predominantly in the duodenum (70%) and pancreas (25%). [ 20 ]
Most centres have gastroenterologists, oncologist or endocrinologists who deal with other diseases as well. One exception is the Uppsala Centre of Excellence in Neuroendocrine Tumors [1] at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden, where doctors treat only endocrine tumors.