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Vinyl polymers are the most common type of plastic. Important examples can be distinguished by the R group in the monomer H 2 C=CHR: Polyethylene R = H; polypropylene from propylene, R = CH 3; Polystyrene is made from styrene, R = C 6 H 5; Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is made from vinyl chloride, R= Cl; Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is made from vinyl ...
Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula H 2 C=CHCl. It is also called vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) or chloroethene. It is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl chloride is a colourless flammable gas that has a sweet odor and is carcinogenic.
The term vinyl is often used to describe any alkenyl group. For this reason, alkenyl halides with the formula RCH=CHX are sometimes called vinyl halides. From the perspective of applications, the dominant member of this class of compounds is vinyl chloride, which is produced on the scale of millions of tons per year as a precursor to polyvinyl ...
In this case the repeat unit has the same atoms as the monomer vinyl chloride CH 2 =CHCl. When the polymer is formed, the C=C double bond in the monomer is replaced by a C-C single bond in the polymer repeat unit, which links by two new bonds to adjoining repeat units.
Vinylidene chloride and fluoride can be converted to linear polymers polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The polymerization reaction is: n CH 2 =CX 2 → (CH 2 −CX 2) n. These vinylidene polymers are isomeric with those produced from vinylene monomers. Thus polyvinylene fluoride from vinylene fluoride (HFC=CHF).
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Polyvinyl chloride is formed in flat sheets in a variety of thicknesses and colors. As flat sheets, PVC is often expanded to create voids in the interior of the material, providing additional thickness without additional weight and minimal extra cost (see closed-cell PVC foamboard). Sheets are cut using saws and rotary cutting equipment.
The EPA says long-term exposure to vinyl chloride by inhaling or through oral contact in humans has led to instances of liver damage and cancer, and its use has been banned in aerosols, drugs and ...