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Referring expression generation (REG) is the subtask of natural language generation (NLG) that received most scholarly attention. While NLG is concerned with the conversion of non-linguistic information into natural language, REG focuses only on the creation of referring expressions (noun phrases) that identify specific entities called targets .
Referring can take place in a number of ways. Typically, in the case of (1), the RE is likely to succeed in picking out the referent because the words in the expression and the way they are combined give a true, accurate, description of the referent, in such a way that the hearer of the expression can recognize the speaker's intention.
Indefinite descriptions constitute Russell's third group. Descriptions most frequently appear in the standard subject–predicate form. Russell put forward his theory of descriptions to solve a number of problems in the philosophy of language. The two major problems are (1) co-referring expressions and (2) non-referring expressions.
Word2vec is a group of related models that are used to produce word embeddings.These models are shallow, two-layer neural networks that are trained to reconstruct linguistic contexts of words.
Probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) – another name for stochastic context-free grammar. Stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) – Systemic functional grammar (SFG) – Tree-adjoining grammar (TAG) – Natural language – n-gram – sequence of n number of tokens, where a "token" is a character, syllable, or word. The n is replaced by ...
In Noam Chomsky's government and binding theory in linguistics, an R-expression (short for "referring expression" (the linked article explains the different, broader usage in other theories of linguistics) or "referential expression") is a noun phrase that refers to a specific real or imaginary entity.
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The theory classifies nominals according to two features, [±anaphor] and [±pronominal], which are binary. The binding characteristics of a nominal are determined by the values of these features, either plus or minus. Thus, a nominal that is [-anaphor, -pronominal] is an R-expression (referring expression), such as a common noun or a proper name.