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The three common states of matter. Along with oxidane, water is one of the two official names for the chemical compound H 2 O; [50] it is also the liquid phase of H 2 O. [51] The other two common states of matter of water are the solid phase, ice, and the gaseous phase, water vapor or steam.
Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature.Except at extreme temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
A distinct state of matter can be defined as any set of states distinguished from any other set of states by a phase transition. Water can be said to have several distinct solid states. [ 7 ] The appearance of superconductivity is associated with a phase transition, so there are superconductive states.
A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]
The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. Water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, with seas and oceans making up most of the water volume (about 96.5%). Small portions of water occur as groundwater (1.7%), in the glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland (1.7%), and in the air as vapor , clouds (consisting of ice ...
Water undergoes autoionization in the liquid state when two water molecules form one hydroxide anion (OH −) and one hydronium cation (H 3 O +). Because of autoionization, at ambient temperatures pure liquid water has a similar intrinsic charge carrier concentration to the semiconductor germanium and an intrinsic charge carrier concentration ...
Triple points mark conditions at which three different phases can coexist. For example, the water phase diagram has a triple point corresponding to the single temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous water can coexist in a stable equilibrium (273.16 K and a partial vapor pressure of 611.657 Pa).
In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)