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The latter covers reactions to water, atmospheric gases and biologically produced chemicals with rocks and soils. Water is the principal agent behind both kinds, [1] though atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide and the activities of biological organisms are also important. [2] Biological chemical weathering is also called biological weathering. [3]
The reaction is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of green algae and plants. It utilizes the energy of light to split a water molecule into its protons and electrons for photosynthesis. Free oxygen, generated as a by-product of this reaction, is released into the atmosphere. [2] [3]
The diagram also shows how human water use impacts where water is stored and how it moves. [1] The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time.
In the water cycle, the universal solvent water evaporates from land and oceans to form clouds in the atmosphere, and then precipitates back to different parts of the planet. Precipitation can seep into the ground and become part of groundwater systems used by plants and other organisms, or can runoff the surface to form lakes
The water cycle (known scientifically as the hydrologic cycle) is the continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere, between the atmosphere, soil water, surface water, groundwater, and plants. Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the water cycle consisting of the following transfer processes:
“For the first time in human history, we are pushing the global water cycle out of balance,” said Johan Rockström, co-chair of the Global Commission on the Economics of Water and a report author.
This process occurs naturally in plants photosystem II to provide protons and electrons for the photosynthesis process and release oxygen to the atmosphere, [1] as well as in some electrowinning processes. [2] Since hydrogen can be used as an alternative clean burning fuel, there has been a need to split water efficiently.
Provides water for plants and animals: Water vapour gets converted to rain and snow that serve as a natural source of water for plants and animals. Controls evaporation: Excess water vapor in the air decreases the rate of evaporation. Determines climatic conditions: Excess water vapor in the air produces rain, fog, snow etc.