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Deinking is the industrial process of removing printing ink from paperfibers of recycled paper to make deinked pulp. The key in the deinking process is the ability to detach ink from the fibers. This is achieved by a combination of mechanical action and chemical means. In Europe the most common process is froth flotation deinking.
It is then cleaned, de-inked (ink is removed), bleached, and mixed with water. Then it can be made into new recycled paper. [4] The share of ink in a wastepaper stock is up to about 2% of the total weight. [5] In the mid-19th century, there was an increased demand for books and writing material.
The de-inking process during paper recycling is also a source of emissions due to chemicals released in the effluent. The European Recovered Paper Council has developed the ‘deinkability scorecard’ so that the printed paper products which have the best recyclability when they are deinked can be identified.
For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds because it has been cut from larger sheets into four pieces. [21] In the United States, printing paper is generally 20 lb, 24 lb, 28 lb, or 32 lb at most.
In intaglio printing, the lines to be printed are cut into a metal (e.g. copper) plate by means either of a cutting tool called a burin, held in the hand – in which case the process is called engraving; or through the corrosive action of acid – in which case the process is known as etching.
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[9] [10] Soy ink is a helpful component in paper recycling because the soy ink can be removed more easily than regular ink from paper during the de-inking process. Vinegar ink (dirty) is a form of non-food soy. It has a number of environmental benefits.
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