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Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin. [3] To clean and protect the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating, cleaning, masking, pickling, and etching may be used. [1]
Nickel plating Soon after, John Wright of Birmingham , England discovered that potassium cyanide was a suitable electrolyte for gold and silver electroplating. Wright's associates, George Elkington and Henry Elkington were awarded the first patents for electroplating in 1840.
Before plating, the surface of the material must be thoroughly cleaned. Unwanted solids left on the surface cause poor plating. Cleaning is usually achieved by a series of chemical baths, including non-polar solvents to remove oils and greases, as well as acids and alkalis to remove oxides, insoluble organics, and other surface contaminants.
Black nickel plating was developed around 1905, and between the two wars, black chrome plating (first German patent 1929.GP 607, 420), which saw wider use only from the mid-1950s. [14] After the First World War, the first procedures for anodic oxidation and coloring of anodically oxidized aluminium were developed (1923, 1924.DRP. 413876).
Electroless nickel plating uses nickel salts as the metal cation source and either hypophosphite (H 2 PO 2-) (or a borohydride-like compound) as a reducer. [6] A side reaction forms elemental phosphorus (or boron) which is incorporated in the coating. The classical deposition methods follows the following steps:
Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
Nickel plating may refer to: Nickel electroplating , a technique of electroplating a thin layer of nickel onto a metal object Electroless nickel-phosphorus plating , an auto-catalytic chemical technique used to deposit a layer of nickel-phosphorus on a solid workpiece
Nickel citrate is important in nickel plating. [15] When precipitation of nickel citrate is attempted a gel forms. This apparently consists of tangled fibres of [(C 6 H 6 O 7)Ni] n, which can be reduced to nickel metal fibres less than a micron thick, and meters long. [16] Double nickel citrates exist, including tetraanion citrate when pH is ...