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The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1,500 years to its earliest known predecessor, called chaturanga, in India; its prehistory is the subject of speculation. From India it spread to Persia, where it was modified in terms of shapes and rules and developed into Shatranj.
Chess set from Rajasthan, India. Chaturanga (Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग, IAST: caturaṅga, pronounced [tɕɐtuˈɾɐŋɡɐ]) is an ancient Indian strategy board game.It is first known from India around the seventh century AD.
Chess composition is the art of creating chess problems (also called chess compositions). The creator is known as a chess composer. [165] There are many types of chess problems; the two most important are: Directmates: White to move and checkmate Black within a specified number of moves, against any defense.
c. 720 – Chess spreads across the Islamic world from Persia. c. 840 – Earliest surviving chess problems by Caliph Billah of Baghdad. c. 900 – Entry on Chess in the Chinese work Huan Kwai Lu ('Book of Marvels'). 997 – Versus de scachis is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Christian Western Europe. [2]
Persian chess masters composed many shatranj problems. Such shatranj problems were called manṣūba مَنصوبة (pl. manṣūbāt), منصوبات. This word can be translated from Arabic as "arrangement", "position" or "situation". Mansubat were typically composed in such a way that a win could be achieved as a sequence of checks.
Murray's aim is threefold: to present as complete a record as is possible of the varieties of chess that exist or have existed in different parts of the world; to investigate the ultimate origin of these games and the circumstances of the invention of chess; and to trace the development of the modern European game from the first appearance of its ancestor, the Indian chaturanga, in the ...
Absorption chess (also called cannibal chess, power absorption chess, or seizer's chess): Pieces gain the abilities of the pieces they capture. [45] [46] Andernach chess: A piece making a capture changes colour. ASEAN chess: Pawns start on the 3rd ranks. Queens can only move 1 square diagonally and Bishops only 1 square diagonally or 1 square ...
Chess books by authors such as Ruy López de Segura and Gioachino Greco became widely studied. Chess was the favored game of Voltaire, Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin and Napoleon. [64] In 1851, the first international chess tournament was held in London and won by Adolf Anderssen. Soon after modern time control rules were adopted for competitive play.