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  2. Traveling microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_microscope

    A traveling microscope. E—eyepiece, O—objective, K—knob for focusing, V—vernier, R—rails, S—screw for fine position adjustment. A travelling microscope is an instrument for measuring length with a resolution typically in the order of 0.01mm.

  3. Nonius (device) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonius_(device)

    Nonius method of measuring an angle with higher precision. The nonius was used to improve the astrolabe's accuracy. This consisted of a number of concentric circles traced on an instrument and dividing each successive one with one fewer divisions than the adjacent outer circle.

  4. Vernier scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernier_scale

    So for a vernier with a constant of 0.1, each mark on the vernier is spaced 9/10 of those on the main scale. If you put the two scales together with zero points aligned, the first mark on the vernier scale is 1/10 short of the first main scale mark, the second is 2/10 short, and so on up to the ninth mark, which is misaligned by 9/10.

  5. Micrometer (device) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometer_(device)

    Vernier micrometer reading 5.783 ± 0.001 mm, comprising 5.5 mm on main screw lead scale, 0.28 mm on screw rotation scale, and 0.003 mm added from vernier. Some micrometers are provided with a vernier scale on the sleeve in addition to the regular graduations. These permit measurements within 0.001 millimetre to be made on metric micrometers ...

  6. Polarimeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarimeter

    The introduction of a half-wave plate increased "distinction sensitivity", whilst a precision glass scale with vernier drum facilitated the final reading to within ca. ±0.05º. Most modern manual polarimeters also incorporate a long-life yellow LED in place of the more costly sodium arc lamp as a light source.

  7. Cathetometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathetometer

    A cathetometer. A cathetometer is an instrument for measuring vertical distances in cases where a scale cannot be placed very close to the points whose distance apart is desired.

  8. Cavendish experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_experiment

    The Gaussian gravitational constant used in space dynamics is a defined constant and the Cavendish experiment can be considered as a measurement of this constant. In Cavendish's time, physicists used the same units for mass and weight, in effect taking g as a standard acceleration.

  9. Optical tweezers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_tweezers

    The most basic optical tweezer setup will likely include the following components: a laser (usually Nd:YAG), a beam expander, some optics used to steer the beam location in the sample plane, a microscope objective and condenser to create the trap in the sample plane, a position detector (e.g. quadrant photodiode) to measure beam displacements ...