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Evaluating an infant for macrosomia or LGA can help identify risks associated with their birth, including labor complications of both the parent and the child, potential long-term health complications of the child, and infant mortality. [5]
Transabdominal ultrasonography – Ultrasound is performed across the abdominal wall or through the abdominal cavity; In normal state, each body tissue type, such as liver, spleen or kidney, has a unique echogenicity. Fortunately, gestational sac, yolk sac and embryo are surrounded by hyperechoic (brighter) body tissues.
Posture: muscle tone is reflected in the infant's preferred posture at rest. As maturation progresses, the foetus gradually assumes increasing passive flexor tone at rest that precedes in a centripetal direction with lower extremities slightly ahead of upper extremities. Term newborn (flexed posture) and preterm newborn (extended posture).
The head circumference of such a newborn is in proportion to the rest of the body. Since most neurons are developed by the 18th week of gestation, the fetus with symmetrical IUGR is more likely to have permanent neurological sequelae. Common causes include: [citation needed] Early intrauterine infections, such as cytomegalovirus, rubella or ...
Third-trimester obstetric ultrasonography (head circumference, femur length) ±8% of the estimate As a general rule, the official gestational age should be based on the actual beginning of the last menstrual period, unless any of the above methods gives an estimated date that differs more than the variability for the method, in which case the ...
Beyond this, 60 percent of the women in this group had an abdominal circumference of almost 35 inches or more, which could increase their risk of developing certain health conditions.
Adequate nutrition is needed for a healthy fetus. Mothers who gain less than 20 pounds during pregnancy are at increased risk for having a preterm or low birth weight infant. [51] Iron and iodine are especially important during prenatal development. Mothers who are deficient in iron are at risk for having a preterm or low birth weight infant. [52]
head circumference hemorrhagic colitis homocysteine HCA: ... hemolytic disease of the newborn: HNP: spinal disk herniation or herniated disk, that is, herniated ...