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The use of packets with a false source IP address is not always evidence of malicious intent. For example, in performance testing of websites, hundreds or even thousands of "vusers" (virtual users) may be created, each executing a test script against the website under test, in order to simulate what will happen when the system goes "live" and a large number of users log in simultaneously.
An ISP redirect page is a spoof page served by major ISPs including: Cox Communications, [1] Embarq, Verizon, Rogers, Earthlink, and various others when World Wide Web users enter an invalid DNS name. [citation needed]
A Smurf amplifier is a computer network that lends itself to being used in a Smurf attack. Smurf amplifiers act to worsen the severity of a Smurf attack because they are configured in such a way that they generate a large number of ICMP replies to the victim at the spoofed source IP address.
Spoofing is the act of deception or hoaxing. [2] URLs are the address of a resource (as a document or website) on the Internet that consists of a communications protocol followed by the name or address of a computer on the network and that often includes additional locating information (as directory and file names). [3]
Martian packets commonly arise from IP address spoofing in denial-of-service attacks, [2] but can also arise from network equipment malfunction or misconfiguration of a host. [ 1 ] In Linux terminology, a Martian packet is an IP packet received by the kernel on a specific interface, while routing tables indicate that the source IP is expected ...
Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
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The general format of the field is: [2] X-Forwarded-For: client, proxy1, proxy2 where the value is a comma+space separated list of IP addresses, the left-most being the original client, and each successive proxy that passed the request adding the IP address where it received the request from.