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Leopold's maneuvers. In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the ...
Christian Gerhard Leopold (24 February 1846 – 12 September 1911) was a German gynecologist born in Meerane, Saxony. In 1870 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig , where he studied under Carl Siegmund Franz Credé (1819-1892), who would later become his father-in-law.
Leopold's maneuver: Christian Gerhard Leopold: obstetrics: Leopold's maneuver at Who Named It? determination of fetal lie Leser–Trélat sign: Edmund Leser, Ulysse Trélat: oncology: malignant neoplasm: Leser-Trélat sign at Who Named It? sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses: Levine's sign: Samuel A. Levine: cardiology ...
Inspection of the abdomen may already give a clue as it is wide from side to side. Usually performing the Leopold's maneuvers will demonstrate the transverse lie of the fetus. [2] Ultrasound examination delivers the diagnosis and may indicate possible causes such as multiple gestation or a tumor.
Leopold's maneuvers may find the fetus in an oblique or breech position or lying transverse as a result of the abnormal position of the placenta. Malpresentation is found in about 35% cases. [ 20 ] Vaginal examination is avoided in known cases of placenta previa.
External cephalic version (ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery.
Operative vaginal delivery, also known as assisted or instrumental vaginal delivery, is a vaginal delivery that is assisted by the use of forceps or a vacuum extractor. [1] ...
A resuscitative hysterotomy, also referred to as a perimortem Caesarean section (PMCS) or perimortem Caesarean delivery (PMCD), is a hysterotomy performed to resuscitate a woman in middle to late pregnancy who has entered cardiac arrest. [1]