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Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
One factor is an adverse reaction to the hormonal changes of pregnancy, in particular, elevated levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). [ 27 ] [ 28 ] This theory would also explain why hyperemesis gravidarum is most frequently encountered in the first trimester (often around 8–12 weeks of gestation), as β-hCG levels are highest ...
Aceruloplasminemia. Atransferrinemia. Hereditary haemochromatosis type 1 (HFE-related haemochromatosis) [3] is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron, resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores. [4] Humans, like most animals, have no mechanism to regulate excess iron, simply ...
289.7 Methemoglobinemia. 289.8 Other specified diseases of blood and blood-forming organs. 289.81 Primary hypercoagulable state. 289.82 Secondary hypercoagulable state. 289.83 Myelofibrosis. 289.84 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 289.89 Other specified diseases of blood and blood-forming organs.
Anemia in pregnancy. Anemia is a condition in which blood has a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin. [1] Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in the total red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood during pregnancy. Anemia is an extremely common condition in pregnancy world-wide, conferring a number of health risks to ...
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of total homocysteine (that is, including homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine disulfide) in the blood, conventionally described as above 15 μmol/L. [1] As a consequence of the biochemical reactions in which homocysteine is involved, deficiencies of vitamin ...
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN) is a condition where the passage of maternal antibodies results in the hemolysis of fetal/neonatal red cells. The antibodies can be naturally occurring such as anti-A, and anti-B, or immune antibodies developed following a sensitizing event. [11] Isoimmunization occurs when the maternal immune ...
Polycythemia is defined as serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal ranges expected for age and sex, typically Hct >49% in healthy adult men and >48% in women, or HgB >16.5 g/dL in men or >16.0 g/dL in women. [8] The definition is different for neonates and varies by age in children. [9][10]