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In woodworking and construction, a nail is a small object made of metal (or wood, called a tree nail or "trunnel") which is used as a fastener, as a peg to hang something, or sometimes as a decoration. [1] Generally, nails have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other, but headless nails are available.
The major grade used in stainless steel fasteners: 200 series, 300 series, and 400 series. Titanium, aluminium, and various alloys are also common materials of construction for metal fasteners. In many cases, special coatings or plating may be applied to metal fasteners to improve their performance characteristics by, for example, enhancing ...
They are available in flat head, countersunk head, and modified flush head with standard diameters of 1/8, 5/32, and 3/16 inch. Blind rivets are made from soft aluminum alloy, steel (including stainless steel), copper, and Monel. There are also structural blind rivets, which are designed to take shear and tensile loads. [8]
With exception to part 7, which defines test standards, the parts of this standard define properties for fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel. The standards define that the testing must be performed at ambient temperatures, which is defined as between 10 and 35 °C (50 and 95 °F).
Steel fasteners (grade 2,5,8) - the level of strength; Stainless steel fasteners (martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel), Bronze and brass fasteners - water proof usage; Nylon fasteners - used for the light material and water proof usage. In general, steel is the most commonly used material of all fasteners: 90% or more. [8]
Pipe wrenches are classified by the length of the handle. They are generally available in sizes from 6 inches (150 mm) to 48 inches (1,200 mm) or larger. They are usually made of forged steel. Today, aluminium might be substituted to reduce the weight of the body of the wrench, although the teeth and jaw remain steel.
High-velocity tools made or sold in the United States must comply under certain circumstances; [2] with many being used in the shipbuilding and steel industries. Powder-actuated fasteners are made of special heat-treated steel; common nails are unsafe for this application. There are many specialized fasteners designed for specific applications ...
A lathe of 1871, equipped with leadscrew and change gears for single-point screw-cutting A Brown & Sharpe single-spindle screw machine. Fasteners had become widespread involving concepts such as dowels and pins, wedging, mortises and tenons, dovetails, nailing (with or without clenching the nail ends), forge welding, and many kinds of binding with cord made of leather or fiber, using many ...