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Ectoplasm (also exoplasm) is the non-granulated outer part of a cell's cytoplasm, while endoplasm is its often granulated inner layer. It is clear, and protects as well as transports things within the cell. [1] Moreover, large numbers of actin filaments frequently occur in the ectoplasm, which form an elastic support for the cell membrane. [2]
The endoplasm is necessary for most metabolic activities, including cell division. [1] The endoplasm, like the cytoplasm, is far from static. It is in a constant state of flux through intracellular transport, as vesicles are shuttled between organelles and to/from the plasma membrane. Materials are regularly both degraded and synthesized within ...
Some examples of organisms that exhibit this type of locomotion are amoebae (such as Amoeba proteus and Naegleria gruberi, [2]) and slime molds, as well as some cells in humans such as leukocytes. Sarcomas , or cancers arising from connective tissue cells, are particularly adept at amoeboid movement, thus leading to their high rate of metastasis .
Amoebozoa is a large and diverse group, but certain features are common to many of its members. The amoebozoan cell is typically divided into a granular central mass, called endoplasm, and a clear outer layer, called ectoplasm. During locomotion, the endoplasm flows forwards and the ectoplasm runs backwards along the outside of the cell.
The concentrated inner area is called the endoplasm and the outer layer is called the cell cortex, or ectoplasm. Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is a signaling activity for metabolic processes. [3] In plants, movement of the cytoplasm around vacuoles is known as cytoplasmic streaming.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Protoplasm (/ ˈ p r oʊ t ə ˌ p l æ z əm /; [1] [2] pl. protoplasms) [3] is the part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane.It is a mixture of small molecules such as ions, monosaccharides, amino acids, and macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc.
A common example of this type of amoeboid cell is the macrophage. They are also essential to amoeboid-like locomotion. Human mesenchymal stem cells are a good example of this function: these migratory cells are responsible for in-utero remodeling; for example, in the formation of the trilaminar germ disc during gastrulation. [13]