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Universal design is the design of buildings, products or environments to make them accessible to people, regardless of age, disability, or other factors. It emerged as a rights -based, anti- discrimination measure, which seeks to create design for all abilities.
After his graduation, Mace worked for four years as an architect before becoming involved in advocacy for accessibility in building design. [6] [7] He was instrumental in North Carolina's March 13, 1973, adoption of Chapter 11X, [8] which was the first accessibility-focused building code to be adopted in the United States. [6]
Hyperboloid building cathedral vaults Antoni Gaudí: An unfinished building with hyperbolic paraboloid vaults. Shukhov Tower: 1922 Moscow Russia: Hyperboloid broadcast tower 160 m (525 ft) Vladimir Shukhov: Unless the international campaign can save it, the 1922 Shukhov Tower is under current threat of demolition. Shukhov tower on the Oka River ...
A curb cut. The curb cut effect is the phenomenon of disability-friendly features being used and appreciated by a larger group than the people they were designed for. The phenomenon is named for curb cuts – miniature ramps comprising parts of sidewalk – which were first made for wheelchair access in particular places, but were also welcomed by people pushing strollers, carts or luggage.
Universal design is design for everyone: the term was coined by Ronald Mace in 1980, and its aim is to produce designs that all people can use fully, without the need for adaptations. Universal design originated in work on the design of built environments, though its focus has expanded to encompass digital products and services as well. [13]
This is a list of buildings and other structures that have been envisioned. The X-Seed 4000 is one of the tallest structures ever conceived. Shown in this image is the Burj Khalifa (828 m (2,717 ft)), tallest structure in the world at the time of completion in 2010 to this year (2025), and the X-Seed 4000 project (4,000 m (13,000 ft)).
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities , and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design.
Another example of experimental architecture is the Minnesota's Experimental City, which was a concept design for a self-sustaining city. The design encompassed ideas of recycling, circularity and reversible design. [19] An example of experimental architecture that considers the entire life cycle of the structure is the Cellophane House. [20]