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The pater familias, also written as paterfamilias (pl.: patres familias), [1] was the head of a Roman family. [2] The pater familias was the oldest living male in a household, and could legally exercise autocratic authority over his extended family. The term is Latin for "father of the family" or the "owner of the family estate".
These observances were meant to strengthen the mutual obligations and protective ties between the living and the dead and were a lawful duty of the paterfamilias (head of the family). [4] Parentalia concluded on 21 February in the midnight rites of Feralia, when the paterfamilias addressed the malevolent, destructive aspects of his Manes.
Ara Pacis showing the imperial family of Augustus Gold glass portrait of husband and wife (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Museo Sacro). The ancient Roman family was a complex social structure, based mainly on the nuclear family, but also included various combinations of other members, such as extended family members, household slaves, and freed slaves.
The pater familias could also perform an emancipatio (emancipation) ritual – a process that set the son free, three times in a row – to grant the son his own legal authority, free from the pater familias. [2] A painting of Lucretia, the ideal Roman woman from the Roman tale, The Death of Lucretia.
Adoption was carried out by the male who was head of his family, the paterfamilias, and his adopting did not make his wife a mother. [1] Nor was marriage required; an adult bachelor could adopt in order to pass along his family name and potestas, [12] as could a citizen eunuch (Latin spado). [13]
A type of contract wherein one party agrees to do work for the other, in order that the second party can then perform some work for the first in exchange. factum: deed 1. an assured statement made; 2. completion of a will and all its parts to make it valid and legal; 3). book of facts and law presented in a Canadian court. favor contractus
Publication of the Twelve Tables in Rome, approx. 2 BC. Drawing by Silvestre David Mirys (1742–1810); engraved by Claude-Nicolas Malapeau (1755–1803) According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the laws of the Twelve Tables have come about as a result of the long social struggle between patricians and plebeians, in modern scholarship ...
In Roman law, the term bonus pater familias ("good family father") refers to a standard of care, analogous to that of the reasonable man in the common law. [1]In Spanish law, the term used is a direct translation ("un buen padre de familia"), and used in the Spanish Código Civil. [2]