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Combining the names of functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes generates what is termed a systematic nomenclature for naming organic compounds. In traditional nomenclature, the first carbon atom after the carbon that attaches to the functional group is called the alpha carbon; the second, beta carbon, the third, gamma carbon, etc.
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function. [1] [2] Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example the functionalisation of a surface [3] (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)
End groups are seen on all polymers and the functionality of those end groups can be important in determining the application of polymers. Each type of polymerization (free radical, condensation or etc.) has end groups that are typical for the polymerization, and knowledge of these can help to identify the type of polymerization method used to form the polymer.
Randomly functionalized polyolefins have differing types, location, and amount of functionality on the polyolefin backbone. Randomly functionalized polyolefins can be synthesized through many familiar combination of polymerization techniques including: post-functionalization, ROMP/hydrogenation, ADMET/hydrogenation, radical polymerization, and catalytic copolymerization.
The epoxide functional group is also collectively called epoxy. [1] The IUPAC name for an epoxide group is an oxirane . Epoxy resins may be reacted ( cross-linked ) either with themselves through catalytic homo polymerisation , or with a wide range of co-reactants including polyfunctional amines, acids (and acid anhydrides ), phenols, alcohols ...
In organic chemistry, an imide is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups bound to nitrogen. [1] The compounds are structurally related to acid anhydrides, although imides are more resistant to hydrolysis. In terms of commercial applications, imides are best known as components of high-strength polymers, called polyimides.
Many other structures do exist; for example, elements such as silicon form familiar materials such as silicones, examples being Silly Putty and waterproof plumbing sealant. Oxygen is also commonly present in polymer backbones, such as those of polyethylene glycol, polysaccharides (in glycosidic bonds), and DNA (in phosphodiester bonds).
The entrapment of catalytically active noble metals can be accomplished by grafting on functional groups to the unsaturated metal site on MOFs. Ethylenediamine (ED) has been shown to be grafted on the Cr metal sites and can be further modified to encapsulate noble metals such as Pd. [ 68 ]