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In electrical engineering the load factor is defined as the average load divided by the peak load in a specified time period. [1] It is a measure of the utilization rate, or efficiency of electrical energy usage; a high load factor indicates that load is using the electric system more efficiently, whereas consumers or generators that underutilize the electric distribution will have a low load ...
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
The CLF is the cooling load at a given time compared to the heat gain from earlier in the day. [1] [5] The SC, or shading coefficient, is used widely in the evaluation of heat gain through glass and windows. [1] [5] Finally, the SCL, or solar cooling load factor, accounts for the variables associated with solar heat load.
The LLF value naturally depends on the load profile. For electricity utilities , numbers about 0.2-0.3 are typical (cf. 0.22 for Toronto Hydro , [ 3 ] 0.33 for New Zealand [ 4 ] ). Multiple empirical formulae exist that relate the loss factor to the load factor (Dickert et al. in 2009 listed nine [ 5 ] ).
A time-exposure photograph of electrical flash-over arcs produced over the surface of the water in the accelerator tank as a byproducts of Z operation.These flash-overs are much like strokes of lightning.The Z pulsed power accelerator at Sandia, which began operating in september, 1996, is the world's most powerful and efficient laboratory X ...
Such arrays will evenly balance the polyphase load between the phases of the source system. For example, balanced two-phase power can be obtained from a three-phase network by using two specially constructed transformers, with taps at 50% and 86.6% of the primary voltage.
The load line diagram at right is for a resistive load in a common emitter circuit. The load line shows how the collector load resistor (R L) constrains the circuit voltage and current. The diagram also plots the transistor's collector current I C versus collector voltage V CE for different values of base current I base.
plasma physics (ratio of a resistive time to an Alfvén wave crossing time in a plasma) Perveance: K = charged particle transport (measure of the strength of space charge in a charged particle beam) Pierce parameter