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Solar cycles are nearly periodic 11-year changes in the Sun's activity that are based on the number of sunspots present on the Sun's surface. The first solar cycle conventionally is said to have started in 1755. The source data are the revised International Sunspot Numbers (ISN v2.0), as available at SILSO. [1]
Sunspot number is correlated with the intensity of solar radiation over the period since 1979, when satellite measurements became available. The variation caused by the sunspot cycle to solar output is on the order of 0.1% of the solar constant (a peak-to-trough range of 1.3 W·m −2 compared with 1366 W·m −2 for the average solar constant).
An active region containing a single sunspot or group of sunspots all having the same magnetic polarity. An opposite polarity counterpart is still present, but is weak or not concentrated enough to form sunspots. β: An active region with at least two sunspots or sunspot groups that have opposite magnetic polarity.
Solar cycle 23 lasted 11.6 years, beginning in May 1996 and ending in January 2008. The maximum smoothed sunspot number (monthly number of sunspots averaged over a twelve-month period) observed during the solar cycle was 120.8 (March 2000), and the minimum was 1.7. [29] A total of 805 days had no sunspots during this cycle. [30] [31] [32]
The solar magnetic field was first detected in 1908 by George Ellery Hale, when he showed observationally that sunspots had strong, bipolar magnetic fields. [1] With these observations, Hale also noted that the majority of sunspot groups within the same northern or southern solar hemisphere shared the same leading polarity and that this pattern reversed across the equator.
Sunspot AR3664 visible on the bottom right part of the Earth-facing side of the sun on May 9, 2024. (NASA/ Solar Dynamics Observatory) Millions of people who went out of their way to find eclipse ...
Solar cycle 23 was the 23rd solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. [1] [2] The solar cycle lasted 12.6 years, [3] beginning in August 1996 and ending in December 2008. The maximum smoothed sunspot number observed during the solar cycle was 180.3 (November 2001), and the starting minimum was 11.2. [4]
Ever spot something on your skin and wonder um, how long has that been there? Before you fall down the rabbit hole of Google, let’s start with step one: identifying what the spot in question ...