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Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors. [1] [2] The term neurosteroid was coined by the French physiologist Étienne-Émile Baulieu and refers to steroids synthesized in ...
This is a list of neurosteroids, or natural and synthetic steroids that are active on the mammalian nervous system through receptors other than steroid hormone receptors. It includes inhibitory , excitatory , and neurotrophic neurosteroids as well as pheromones and vomeropherines .
A neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor is a drug that inhibits the production of endogenous neurosteroids.Neurosteroids include the excitatory neurosteroids pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and the inhibitory neurosteroids allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), and 3α-androstanediol, among others. [1]
Allopregnanolone is a naturally occurring neurosteroid which is made in the body from the hormone progesterone. [10] [11] As a medication, allopregnanolone is referred to as brexanolone, sold under the brand name Zulresso, [6] [12] and used to treat postpartum depression.
An implicit premise in neuropsychopharmacology with regard to the psychological aspects is that all states of mind, including both normal and drug-induced altered states, and diseases involving mental or cognitive dysfunction, have a neurochemical basis at the fundamental level, and certain circuit pathways in the central nervous system at a higher level.
It can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect. [1] Psychomotor retardation is most commonly seen in people with major depression and in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder; [2] it is also associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines. [3]
The term "psychogenic pain" has begun to fall out of relevance in the scientific community, due to its implication that the pain is entirely psychological in origin and thus not "real". [11] The change in preferred nomenclature can be traced to 1994 when the DSM-IV removed the term in favor of the more holistic "Pain Disorder" section. [4]
[50] [54] [55] Physical activity is associated with increased levels of IGF-1 in blood serum, which is known to contribute to neuroplasticity in the brain due to its capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier; [5] [50] [53] [54] consequently, one review noted that IGF-1 is a key mediator of exercise ...