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The C57BL/6 mouse was the second-ever mammalian species to have its entire genome published. [ 1 ] The dark coat makes the mouse strain convenient for creating transgenic mice: it is crossed with a light-furred 129 mouse, and the desirable crosses can be easily identified by their mixed coat colors.
While studying under W. E. Castle, Little began his work with mice, focusing on inheritance, transplants, and grafts. He also was an assistant dean and secretary to the president. In 1921, he inbred the mouse strain C57BL/6 or "black 6", which is the most popular laboratory mouse to date. [2]
The sale of mouse animal models began in 1933 with early sales to the United States Public Health Service and The Jackson Laboratory now provides a high proportion of the mice used in biomedical research [16] In particular, the C57BL/6J strain, which is widely used and cited is maintained at The Jackson Laboratory.
Unlike most laboratory mouse strains, the C57BL/6 drinks alcoholic beverages voluntarily. It is more susceptible than average to morphine addiction, atherosclerosis, and age-related hearing loss. [11] When compared directly to BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice also express both a robust response to social rewards [43] [44] and empathy. [45]
All laboratories using vertebrate lab animals in the United States are required by law to have a licensed veterinarian on staff and to adhere to the NIH Guide for the Use and Care of Laboratory Animals, which further stipulates that all protocols, including the sources for obtaining the animals, must be reviewed by an independent committee. [6]
B16 cells were discovered and maintained in the Jackson Laboratories in Maine in 1954 when a tumor developed naturally behind the ear of a C57BL/6 mouse. [2] The cells were resected, transplanted, and maintained in vivo, and still are today.
Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species, popular because of their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast reproduction rate. [5] Mice are quick to reach sexual maturity, as well as quick to gestate, where labs can have a new generation every three weeks as well as a relatively short lifespan of two years. [6]
[17] [18] In the early 20th century, the mouse was an ideal model for production of different coat and eye colours, including fancy race mice, based on Mendelian genetics. [19] The strain is closely related to JF1 and genome analysis suggests that it was created from cross-breeding the JF1 with European house mouse (fancy mouse) in the 19th ...