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  2. Circular reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_reasoning

    Circular reasoning (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; [1] also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. [2] Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy, but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are just as much in need of proof or ...

  3. Begging the question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question

    Closely connected with begging the question is the fallacy of circular reasoning (circulus in probando), a fallacy in which the reasoner begins with the conclusion. [26] The individual components of a circular argument can be logically valid because if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true, and does not lack relevance. However ...

  4. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Circular reasoning (circulus in demonstrando) – the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end up with (e.g.: all bachelors are unmarried males). Fallacy of many questions (complex question, fallacy of presuppositions, loaded question, plurium interrogationum ) – someone asks a question that presupposes something that has not been ...

  5. Problem of induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_induction

    The focus upon the gap between the premises and conclusion present in the above passage appears different from Hume's focus upon the circular reasoning of induction. However, Weintraub claims in The Philosophical Quarterly [ 5 ] that although Sextus's approach to the problem appears different, Hume's approach was actually an application of ...

  6. Psychology of reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_reasoning

    The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning [1]) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing ...

  7. Invincible ignorance fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invincible_ignorance_fallacy

    The invincible ignorance fallacy, [1] also known as argument by pigheadedness, [2] is a deductive fallacy of circularity where the person in question simply refuses to believe the argument, ignoring any evidence given.

  8. Circular Reasoning, Waste Avoidance Are Now Investable ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/circular-reasoning-waste...

    Linear is out. Circular is in and there's a new way for investors to tap into theme thanks to the recent debut of the Direxion World Without Waste ETF (NYSE: WWOW).What HappenedWWOW debuted last ...

  9. Informal fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_fallacy

    Begging the question is a form of circular reasoning in which the conclusion is already assumed in the premises. [16] [12] [8] [3] [1] Because of this, the premises are unable to provide independent support for the conclusion. For example, the statement "Green is the best color because it is the greenest of all colors", offers no independent ...