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Krishnaite theology and cult originate in the first millennium BCE in the Northern India. The theology of the Bhagavad Gita (around 3rd–2nd centuries BCE) was the first Krishnaite theological system, if, according to Friedhelm Hardy, to read Gita as itself and not in the light of the Mahabharata frame with Vishnu-focussed doctrine. [3]
Krishna Janmashtami is a joyous and widely celebrated festival in India, commemorating the birth of Krishna. The festival typically falls in August or September, on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the Hindu lunar calendar. Throughout India, devotees observe Krishna Janmashtami with great fervor and enthusiasm.
[155] [156] Madhusudana Sarasvati, an India philosopher, [157] presented Krishna theology in nondualism-monism framework (Advaita Vedanta), while Adi Shankara, credited with unifying and establishing the main currents of thought in Hinduism, [158] [159] [160] mentioned Krishna in his early eighth-century discussions on Panchayatana puja.
The Theology of a Lovers´ Quarrel. Classical and Contemporary Interpretations of Krishna's Humiliation. In: The Banyan Tree. Essays on Early Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages. (Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Early Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages, Venice, 1997). Vol.1. Edited by Mariola Offredi.
Krishna is alone the supreme worshipful in the system. Sankaradeva's Krishna is Nārāyana, the Supreme Reality or Parama Brahma and not merely an avatara of Visnu. Krishna is God Himself. [19] It considers Narayana (Krishna) as both the cause as well as the effect of this creation, [20] and asserts Narayana alone is the sole reality. [21]
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), commonly referred to as the Hare Krishna movement, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindu religious organization. It was founded by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada [ 2 ] on 13 July 1966 in New York City.
Vāsudeva-Krishna on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria, circa 190–180 BCE. [ 143 ] [ 144 ] This is "the earliest unambiguous image" of the deity. [ 145 ] The Heliodorus pillar , commissioned by Indo-Greek ambassador Heliodorus around 113 BCE, is the first known inscription related to Vaishnavism in the Indian subcontinent. [ 146 ]
In the 20th century, the neo-Hindu emphasis on Vedic roots, and a better understanding of the Vedic religion and its shared heritage and theology with contemporary Hinduism, led scholars to view the historical Vedic religion as ancestral to modern Hinduism. [20]