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In orthodontics, a malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. The English-language term dates from 1864; [ 1 ] Edward Angle (1855–1930), the "father of modern orthodontics", [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ need quotation to verify ] popularised it.
Open bite is a type of orthodontic malocclusion which has been estimated to occur in 0.6% of the people in the United States. This type of malocclusion has no vertical overlap or contact between the anterior incisors. [1] The term "open bite" was coined by Carevelli in 1842 as a distinct classification of malocclusion.
Both fixed and removable functional appliances can be used to correct a malocclusion in three planes: Anterior-Posterior, Vertical and Transverse. In the Anterior-Posterior dimension, appliances such as Class II and Class III are used. Appliances used in transverse dimension are utilized to expand either the maxillary or the mandibular arch.
The approximate worldwide prevalence of malocclusion was as high as 56%. [3] However, conclusive scientific evidence for the health benefits of orthodontic treatment is lacking, although patients with completed treatment have reported a higher quality of life than that of untreated patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Classification of occlusion and malocclusion plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. In order to describe the relationship of the maxillary molars to the mandibular molars, the Angle’s classification of malocclusion has commonly been used for many years. [8]
It is estimated that nearly 30% of the general population present with malocclusions that are in great need of orthodontic treatment. [1] However, the term dentofacial deformity describes an array of dental and maxillo-mandibular abnormalities, often presenting with a malocclusion, which is not amenable to orthodontic treatment alone and definitive treatment needs surgical alignment of upper ...
Handicapping malocclusion assessment record (HMAR) was created by Salzmann JA in 1968. It was created to establish needs for treatment of handicapping malocclusion according to severity presented by magnitude of the score when assessing the malocclusion. [17] The assessment can be made either directly from the oral cavity or from available casts.
Retrognathia is a type of malocclusion which refers to an abnormal posterior positioning of the maxilla [1] or mandible, [2] particularly the mandible, relative to the facial skeleton and soft tissues. [3] A retrognathic mandible is commonly referred to as an overbite, though this terminology is not used medically.