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While Pluralism as a political theory of the state and policy formation gained its most traction during the 1950s and 1960s in America, some scholars argued that the theory was too simplistic (see Connolly (1969) The Challenge to Pluralist Theory) – leading to the formulation of neo-pluralism. Views differed about the division of power in ...
Pluralism as a political philosophy is the diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. [1] While not all political pluralists advocate for a pluralist democracy , this is the most common stance, because democracy is often viewed as the most fair and ...
In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970–1979), a pluralist democracy is described as a political system where there is more than one center of power. [ 1 ] Modern democracies are by definition pluralist as they allow freedom of association ; however, pluralism may exist without democracy.
Robert Alan Dahl (/ d ɑː l /; December 17, 1915 – February 5, 2014) was an American political theorist and Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University.. He established the pluralist theory of democracy—in which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups—and introduced "polyarchy" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance.
Pluralism (political theory), belief that there should be diverse and competing centres of power in society Legal pluralism , the existence of differing legal systems in a population or area Pluralist democracy , a political system with more than one center of power
A main rival to pluralist theory in the United States was the theory of the "power elite" by sociologist C. Wright Mills. According to Mills, the eponymous "power elite" are those that occupy the dominant positions, in the dominant institutions (military, economic and political) of a dominant country, and their decisions (or lack of decisions ...
His theory evolved over the decades, and the description in later writings is somewhat different. Dahl argues that "democracy" is an ideal type that no country has ever achieved. [6] For Dahl, democracy is a system that is "completely responsive to all its citizens", [6] and the closest to the democratic ideal any country has come is polyarchy. [6]
Democracy in plural societies involves political affiliations that strongly correlate with social cleavages. [1] For example, multiple ethnic groups may each largely vote for ethnonationalist political parties, like Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plural democracies may be stable or unstable.