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As such, the distinction between the terms anabolic steroid and androgen is questionable, and this is the basis for the revised and more recent term anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). [70] [75] [218] David Handelsman has criticized terminology and understanding surrounding AAS in many publications.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 February 2025. Polycyclic organic compound having sterane as a core structure This article is about the family of polycyclic compounds. For the drugs, also used as performance-enhancing substances, see Anabolic steroid. For the scientific journal, see Steroids (journal). For the Death Grips EP, see ...
Anabolic processes build organs and tissues. These processes produce growth and differentiation of cells and increase in body size, a process that involves synthesis of complex molecules. Examples of anabolic processes include the growth and mineralization of bone and increases in muscle mass.
In sports, the term performance-enhancing drugs is popularly used in reference to anabolic steroids or their precursors (hence the colloquial term steroids); anti-doping organizations apply the term broadly. [62] Agencies such as the WADA and United States Anti-Doping Agency try to prevent athletes from using these drugs by performing drug tests.
[6] [7] For most medical applications, an AAS with potent anabolic and minimal androgenic and cardiovascular effects would be an advantage. In the 1930s, 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids were discovered. These have increased metabolic stability and are orally active, but are not tissue selective. [8]
The metabolic clearance rate of a steroid is defined as the volume of blood that has been completely cleared of the hormone per unit time. The production rate of a steroid hormone refers to entry into the blood of the compound from all possible sources, including secretion from glands and conversion of prohormones into the steroid of interest ...
Nandrolone esters were first described and introduced for medical use in the late 1950s. [8] They are among the most widely used anabolic steroid worldwide. [8] In addition to their medical use, nandrolone esters are used to improve physique and performance, and are said to be the most widely used anabolic steroid for such purposes.
Testosterone cypionate is a prodrug of testosterone and is an androgen and anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). That is, it is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR). Testosterone cypionate is converted by the body to testosterone that has both androgenic effects and anabolic effects; [ 4 ] still, the relative potency of these effects can ...