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Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. [1] From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute Myanmar.
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also called Burma, ratified the convention on 29 April 1994. [3] As of 2022, Myanmar has two sites on the list: Pyu Ancient Cities were listed in 2014 and Bagan in 2019. [3] Both sites are cultural. In addition, Myanmar has 15 sites on its tentative list. [3]
Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Myanmar. [1] During the 11th and 13th centuries, more than 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan mainly lying in the Bagan Archaeological Zone. [2]
It existed alongside Pyu city-states that dominated Upper Burma. The city-state of Pagan, according to mainstream scholarship, was founded in the mid 9th century by the Mranma of Nanzhao Kingdom. Burmans at Pagan expanded irrigation-based cultivation while borrowing extensively from the Pyus' predominantly Buddhist culture.
English: Bagan is an ancient city and the first kingdom that unified the regions that now constitute the country of Myanmar. From the 9th to 13th centuries, over 10000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains.
The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868. Charney, Michael W. (2006). Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. [ISBN missing] Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
The palace's excavation site is located on the southern side of Bagan-Nyaung Oo Road. Between 1989 and 2003, it underwent excavation with government approval. Subsequently, in 2003, the palace was meticulously reconstructed, drawing design inspiration from remnants of mural art found in ancient Pagan temples.
Burma was part of the British Empire by the end of the 1880s, and this ushered in a period of colonial architecture. [21] Rangoon, now known as Yangon, became a multi-ethnic capital. [22] As large, colonial buildings were built throughout the city, social disruption in Burma spawned nationalist rallies and anti-colonial protests. [23]