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Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. [1] From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute Myanmar.
Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Myanmar. [1] During the 11th and 13th centuries, more than 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan mainly lying in the Bagan Archaeological Zone. [2]
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also called Burma, ratified the convention on 29 April 1994. [3] As of 2022, Myanmar has two sites on the list: Pyu Ancient Cities were listed in 2014 and Bagan in 2019. [3] Both sites are cultural. In addition, Myanmar has 15 sites on its tentative list. [3]
The Pagan "kingdom" Pyusawhti led was likely a small settlement among many other small settlements in the area. (The chronicles count 19 settlements.) In the 8th century, Pagan was not yet a city or even a city-state, let alone a "kingdom". The city was merely one of several competing city-states until the 10th century. [22]
English: Bagan is an ancient city and the first kingdom that unified the regions that now constitute the country of Myanmar. From the 9th to 13th centuries, over 10000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains.
Just inside the southeastern corner of the old city wall, the Thatbyinnyu Temple was founded by King Sithu I of Bagan Dynasty in 1144/45. [1] [2] According to the royal chronicles, it was the king's second major temple construction after the Shwegugyi Temple, [1] [3] and the king is said to have donated "boatloads of rubies" to both temples. [4]
Although the Burmese chronicles assert that the city of Bagan was fortified in 849 CE, radiocarbon dating of evidence dates the foundation of the main walls to c. 1020 CE. [1] If the city was fortified in the 9th century as the chronicles assert, the fortifications must have been built with less durable materials like mud. Tharaba Gate in 1890s
English: Temples starting to glow orange and red and slowly cast their long shadows over the surrounding fields. Bagan plains at sunset, ancient temples of elegant and symmetrical design. Bagan is an ancient city and the first kingdom that unified the regions that now constitute the country of Myanmar. Old Bagan, Pagan, Mandalay, Myanmar.