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The coat of arms of the league of Paris river merchants in the Middle Ages became the emblem of the city of Paris Commerce was a major source of the wealth and influence of Paris in the Middle Ages. Even before the Roman conquest of Gaul, the first inhabitants of the city, the Parisii , had traded with cities as far away as Spain and Eastern ...
A recreated map of Paris in 1380. In the middle of the 14th century, Paris was struck by two great catastrophes: the Bubonic plague and the Hundred Years' War. In the first epidemic of the plague in 1348–1349, forty to fifty thousand Parisians died, a quarter of the population. The plague returned in 1360–1361, 1363, and 1366–1368.
The Sûreté, the investigative bureau of the Paris police, founded by Eugène François Vidocq. 1 March – Water from Paris fountains is made free of charge. 1814 30 March – The Battle of Paris. The city is defended by Marmont and Mortier, and is surrendered at 2 a.m. on 31 March.
Known as Lutetia (Lutece) in ancient times, Paris was conquered by Julius Caesar in 52 BC and existed as a regional center under the Romans and in the early Middle Ages. In 987, Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, became king of France, and under his successors, the Capetians, the city's position as the nation's capital became established.
The university was founded in 1339 by Dauphin Humbert II of Viennois and Pope Benedict XII to teach civil and canon law, medicine, and the liberal arts. 29: 1343: University of Pisa: Republic of Pisa: Pisa, Italy: It was formally founded on 3 September 1343, by an edict of Pope Clement VI, although there had been lectures on law in Pisa since ...
The Kingdom of France was a center of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, producing influential Jewish scholars such as Rashi and even hosting theological debates between Jews and Christians. Widespread persecution began in the 11th century and increased intermittently throughout the Middle Ages, with multiple expulsions and returns.
MILAN — Julian Bedel, founder of Argentinian niche fragrance house Fueguia 1833, likes to move to the beat of his own drum. When competitors were consolidating European markets, he set foot in ...
He founded the Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency, and he was elected in the latter role. He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war, much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs (Frenchmen settled in Algeria) and the military; both had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule.