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4340 steel is an ultra-high strength steel classified a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel. 4340 steel has high strength, ductility, ...
ASTM A992 steel is a structural steel alloy often used in the US for steel wide-flange and I beams. Like other carbon steels, the density of ASTM A992 steel is approximately 7850 kg/m 3 (0.2836 lb/in 3). ASTM A992 steel has the following minimum mechanical properties, according to ASTM specification A992/A992M.
High-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) is a type of alloy steel that provides better mechanical properties or greater resistance to corrosion than carbon steel. HSLA steels vary from other steels in that they are not made to meet a specific chemical composition but rather specific mechanical properties.
As with most steels, A36 has a density of 0.28 pounds mass per cubic inch (7.8 grams per cubic centimeter). Young's modulus for A36 steel is 29,000 kilopounds per square inch (200 gigapascals). [6] A36 steel has a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 and a shear modulus of 11,500 ksi (79.3 GPa). [7]
Toughness is the strength with which the material opposes rupture. One definition of material toughness is the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing . This measure of toughness is different from that used for fracture toughness , which describes the capacity of materials to resist fracture. [ 2 ]
Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form. Surface hardness can be increased with carburization. [3] The density of mild steel is approximately 7.85 g/cm 3 (7,850 kg/m 3; 0.284 lb/cu in) [4] and the Young's modulus is 200 GPa (29 × 10 ^ 6 psi). [5]
The three ASTM established grades of low-alloy special purpose steel are L2, L3, and L6. [1] This grade originally contained L1, L4, L5 and L7 as well as three F grades (F1, F2, and F3) but because of falling demand only grades L2 and L6 remain in production.
ASTM A500 is a standard specification published by the ASTM for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in round, square, and rectangular shapes. It is commonly specified in the US for hollow structural sections, but the more stringent CSA G40.21 is preferred in Canada.