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Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. [1] It is a type of photosensitivity. [1] [2] The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn.
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity .
Phototoxins are toxins that can cause allergic reactions in particularly susceptible individuals and which can cause dangerous photosensitivity in a much broader range of subjects. Phototoxins are common in: a variety of plants (including food plants where they may be a biological defence): many citruses contain essential oils that are ...
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (or commonly called EPP) is a form of porphyria, which varies in severity and can be very painful.It arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, skin, and liver. [2]
Light sensitivity or photosensitivity refers to a notable or increased reactivity to light. Apart from vision , human beings have many physiological and psychological responses to light. In rare individuals an atypical response may result in serious discomfort, disease, or injury.
Phytophotodermatitis, also known as berloque dermatitis, [1] [2] [3] margarita photodermatitis, [4] [5] lime disease [6] or lime phytodermatitis [6] is a cutaneous phototoxic inflammatory reaction resulting from contact with a light-sensitizing botanical agent (such as lime juice) followed by exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A) light (from the sun, for instance).
Conradi–Hünermann syndrome (Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome, Happle syndrome, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata) Costello syndrome; Cronkhite–Canada syndrome; Crouzon syndrome; Cutis verticis gyrata; Darier's disease (Darier–White disease, dyskeratosis follicularis, keratosis follicularis) Linear Darier disease
Photosensitizers absorb light (hν) and transfer the energy from the incident light into another nearby molecule either directly or by a chemical reaction. Upon absorbing photons of radiation from incident light, photosensitizers transform into an excited singlet state.