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Python Imaging Library is a free and open-source additional library for the Python programming language that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats. It is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7. [3]
Figure 1 shows an edge map, the gradient of the (slightly blurred) edge map, and the GVF field generated by minimizing . Fig. 1. An edge map (left) describes the boundary of an object. The gradient of the (slightly blurred) edge map (center) points towards the boundary, but is very local.
JPEG File Interchange Format is a minimal file format which enables JPEG bitstreams to be exchanged between a wide variety of platforms and applications. This minimal format does not include any of the advanced features found in the TIFF JPEG specification or any application specific file format.
optimisation of the Huffman coding layer of a JPEG file to increase compression, conversion between progressive and sequential JPEG formats, conversion between Huffman and arithmetic coding in the entropy coding layer. [5] [6] [7] These transformations are each completely lossless and reversible. The transformations on the image data comprise:
Compose the 4 bits at the corners of the cell to build a binary index: walk around the cell in a clockwise direction appending the bit to the index, using bitwise OR and left-shift, from most significant bit at the top left, to least significant bit at the bottom left. The resulting 4-bit index can have 16 possible values in the range 0–15.
baseline: Align the bottom of the image with the baseline of the text. sub: Align the bottom of the image to the same level that the bottom of a subscript would be, such as the bottom of the "2" in "X 2 ". super: Align the bottom of the image to the same level that the bottom of a superscript would be, such as the bottom of the "2" in "X 2 ".
In MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and AVC, Cb and Cr are taken on midpoint of the left-edge of the 2×2 square. In other words, they have the same horizontal location as the top-left pixel, but is shifted one-half pixel down vertically. Also called "left". [16] In JPEG/JFIF, H.261, and MPEG-1, Cb and Cr are taken at the center of 2×2 the square. In other ...
The phrase "left alignment" is often used when the left side of text is aligned along a visible or invisible vertical line which may or may not coincide with the left margin. For example, if a paragraph that is flush left were indented from the left, it would no longer be flush left, but it would still be left aligned.