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Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
This glossary covers terms found in the psychiatric literature; the word origins are primarily Greek, but there are also Latin, French, German, and English terms. Many of these terms refer to expressions dating from the early days of psychiatry in Europe; some are deprecated, and thus are of historic interest.
Bell's mania, also known as delirious mania, refers to an acute neurobehavioral syndrome. [1] This is usually characterized by an expeditious onset of delirium , mania , psychosis , followed by grandiosity , emotional lability , altered consciousness , hyperthermia , and in extreme cases, death. [ 1 ]
Carphologia (or carphology) is a lint-picking behavior that is often a symptom of a delirious state. Often seen in delirious or semiconscious patients, carphologia describes the actions of picking or grasping at imaginary objects, as well as the patient's own clothes or bed linens. This can be a grave symptom in cases of extreme exhaustion or ...
Confusion may result from drug side effects or from a relatively sudden brain dysfunction. Acute confusion is often called delirium (or "acute confusional state"), [4] although delirium often includes a much broader array of disorders than simple confusion. These disorders include the inability to focus attention; various impairments in ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has historically used the term in its definition of delirium. [7] The DSM-III-R and the DSM-IV replaced "clouding of consciousness" with "disturbance of consciousness" to make it easier to operationalize , but it is still fundamentally the same thing. [ 8 ]
Delirium is primarily associated with antagonism of postsynaptic M 1 receptors. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] However, antagonism of both the M 1 receptor and the M 2 receptor have been implicated as having negative effects on memory and cognition , and the selective M 2 receptor antagonist hyoscyamine has been reported to produce deliriant effects similarly to ...
Exhaustion alone, without syncope or delirium, can prevent a mother from helping a dying infant; in clandestine labors, it can be fatal to the new-born, without mens rea. Brief states of delirium have been described with onset after the birth, less common but similar to those that occur during parturition. There are about 20 in the literature. [39]