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A common definition of what constituted a plantation is that it typically had 500 to 1,000 acres (2.0 to 4.0 km 2) or more of land and produced one or two cash crops for sale. [5] Other scholars have attempted to define it by the number of enslaved persons.
A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called plantations . Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income.
In the history of colonialism, a plantation was a form of colonization in which settlers would establish permanent or semi-permanent colonial settlements in a new region. The term first appeared in the 1580s in the English language to describe the process of colonization before being also used to refer to a colony by the 1610s.
Stratford Hall is a classic example of Southern plantation architecture, built on an H-plan and completed in 1738 near Lerty, Virginia. The Seward Plantation is a historic Southern plantation-turned-ranch in Independence, Texas. Plantation complexes were common on agricultural plantations in the Southern United States from the 17th into the ...
The plantation system can be seen as the factory system applied to agriculture, with a concentration of labor under skilled management. But while the industrial manufacturing-based labor economy of the North was driven by growing demand, maintenance of the plantation economic system depended upon slave labor, which was abundant and cheap.
Beginning in 1619, Southern plantation agriculture, using slaves, developed in Virginia and Maryland (where tobacco was grown), and South Carolina (where indigo and rice was grown). Cotton became a major plantation crop after 1800 in the " Black Belt ," and throughout the region from North Carolina in an arc through Texas where the climate ...
The plantation system, based on slave labor, was marked by inhumane methods of exploitation. After being established in the Caribbean islands, the plantation system spread during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries to European colonies in the Americas and Asia. All the plantation systems had a form of slavery in their establishment: slaves were ...
According to the 1997 U.S. Census of Agriculture, 90% of the farms in the United States are still owned by families, with an additional 6% owned by a partnership. [15] Cash crop farmers have utilized precision agricultural technologies [ 16 ] combined with time-tested practices to produce affordable food.