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This is a "genealogy" of programming languages.Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order.
Animation of min-conflicts resolution of 8-queens. First stage assigns columns greedily minimizing conflicts, then solves. Min-Conflicts solves the N-Queens Problem by selecting a column from the chess board for queen reassignment. The algorithm searches each potential move for the number of conflicts (number of attacking queens), shown in each ...
The programming language Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language with direct descendants and closely related dialects still in widespread use today. The language Fortran is older by one year. [1] [2] Lisp, like Fortran, has changed a lot since its early days, and many dialects have existed over its history.
Poplog supports incrementally compiled versions of Common Lisp, POP-11, Prolog, and Standard ML. A separate package implemented by Robin Popplestone supports a version of Scheme . Poplog has been used both for academic research and teaching in artificial intelligence and also to develop several commercial products, apart from Clementine.
Today most Prolog implementations include one or more libraries for constraint logic programming. The difference between the two is largely in their styles and approaches to modeling the world. Some problems are more natural (and thus, simpler) to write as logic programs, while some are more natural to write as constraint programs.
The following Comparison of Prolog implementations provides a reference for the relative feature sets and performance of different implementations of the Prolog computer programming language. A comprehensive discussion of the most significant Prolog systems is presented in an article published in the 50-years of Prolog anniversary issue of the ...
ACL2 (A Computational Logic for Applicative Common Lisp) is a software system consisting of a programming language, an extensible theory in a first-order logic, and an automated theorem prover. ACL2 is designed to support automated reasoning in inductive logical theories, mostly for software and hardware verification .
Prolog, designed in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer, Phillipe Roussel, and Robert Kowalski, was the first logic programming language. ML built a polymorphic type system (invented by Robin Milner in 1973) on Lisp, [17] pioneering statically typed functional programming languages. Each of these languages spawned an entire family of descendants, and most ...