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Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents.
The masking effect of outcrossing is known as genetic complementation, [3] an effect also recognized as hybrid vigor or heterosis. Once outcrossing is established in a lineage of flowering plants due to the benefit of genetic complementation, subsequent switching to inbreeding becomes disadvantageous because it allows expression of the ...
The gross value of the Australian cattle and calf production totalled $14.3billion in 2015–16, which is approximately 50% of total value of Australian livestock industries. [6] A regional report on the Northern Australian beef industry indicates that by 1996–97, 10% of the North-West herd were Charbray out of the 23 different bull breeds. [12]
Cattle, sheep, and goats are sometimes dehorned [1] [2] for economic and safety reasons. Disbudding is a different process with similar results; it cauterizes and thus destroys horn buds before they have grown into horns. Disbudding is commonly performed early in an animal's life, as are other procedures such as docking and castration. In some ...
The Black Baldy is reared for beef. [3]: 256 Cows may be mated to a bull of a European beef breed, to produce a heavier, better-muscled and faster-growing calf. [2]: 190 In Britain and Ireland a similarly-marked cross-breed, the Black Hereford, results from crossing Hereford bulls on predominantly black-coloured dairy cows. [citation needed]
Adaptaur cattle are early maturing and of a medium size with a short dark red pigmented coat and good resistance to internal parasites. [1] Some Adaptaurs carry a gene that produces extremely high resistance to cattle ticks and the Australian Hereford Society is assisting to increase frequency of the gene by embryo transfer.
Beefmaster is a breed of beef cattle that was developed in the early 1930s by Tom Lasater (the breed founder), [1] from a systematic crossing of Hereford cows and Shorthorn cows with Brahman bulls. The exact mixture of the foundation cattle is unknown, but is thought to be about 25% Hereford, 25% Milking Shorthorn and 50% Brahman.
In dairy breeds, the disease may occur in calves between birth and 4 months of age. [12] In rustic breeds or beef cattle, heifers and young steers up to 12 months of age can be affected. In calves, muscles in upper portion of the front legs and the hind legs are degraded, causing the animal to have a stiff gait and it may have difficulty standing.