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The score is assessed by asking the patient, in a sitting posture, to open their mouth and to protrude the tongue as much as possible. [1] The anatomy of the oral cavity is visualized; specifically, the assessor notes whether the base of the uvula, faucial pillars (the arches in front of and behind the tonsils) and soft palate are visible.
Sinus - The standard protocol in the UK is OM with open mouth. [15] Facial Bones - The standard protocol in the UK is OM and OM 30°. [15] In case of trauma, the standard UK protocol is to have a CT scan of the skull instead of projectional radiography. [15] A skeletal survey including the skull can be indicated in for example multiple myeloma ...
Waters' view (also known as the occipitomental view or parietoacanthial projection) is a radiographic view of the skull. It is commonly used to get a better view of the maxillary sinuses. An x-ray beam is angled at 45° to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are perpendicular to the radiographic plate.
The spinal nerves arise from the spinal column. The top section of the spine is the cervical section, which contains nerves that innervate muscles of the head, neck and thoracic cavity, as well as transmit sensory information to the CNS. The cervical spine section contains seven vertebrae, C-1 through C-7, and eight nerve pairs, C-1 through C-8.
Myelography is a type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium (e.g. iodised oil [1]) to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors. Historically the procedure involved the injection of a radiocontrast agent into the cervical or lumbar spine, followed by several X-ray ...
In a study based in Norway, 60% of reported cervical fractures came from falls and 21% from motor-related accidents. [3] According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the group under the highest risk of C2 fractures are elderly people within the age group of 65–84 (39.02%) at risks of falls (61%) or motor accidents (21% ...
In anatomy, the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. The spinal cord passes through the axis. The defining feature of the axis is its strong bony protrusion known as the dens, which rises from the superior aspect of the bone.
The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the cervical plexus that arises from the second and third cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3). It curves around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle , then pierces the fascia of the neck before dividing into two branches.