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Xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) is a nitrated ester primary explosive [3] [4] first synthesized in 1891 by Gabriel Bertrand. [5] [6] Law enforcement has taken an interest in XPN along with erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) due to their ease of synthesis, which makes them accessible to amateur chemists and terrorists.
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an explosive compound chemically similar to PETN, [1] though it is thought to be slightly more sensitive to friction and impact.. Like many nitrate esters, ETN acts as a vasodilator, and was the active ingredient in the original "sustained release" tablets, made under a process patent in the early 1950s, called "nitroglyn".
Xylitol pentacetate is an organic compound with the formula C 15 H 22 O 10. It is an acetylated sugar alcohol that is used as an intermediary in the production of xylitol pentanitrate . [ 2 ] It is also commonly made to isolate and identify xylitol from complex organic mixtures.
This is a compilation of published detonation velocities for various high explosive compounds. Detonation velocity is the speed with which the detonation shock wave travels through the explosive.
PETN is a very powerful explosive material with a relative effectiveness factor of 1.66. [2] When mixed with a plasticizer, PETN forms a plastic explosive. [3] Along with RDX it is the main ingredient of Semtex. PETN is also used as a vasodilator drug to treat certain heart conditions, such as for management of angina. [4] [5]
Pentaerythritol was first reported in 1891 by German chemist Bernhard Tollens and his student P. Wigand. [5] It may be prepared via a base-catalyzed multiple-addition reaction between acetaldehyde and 3 equivalents of formaldehyde to give pentaerythrose (CAS: 3818-32-4), followed by a Cannizzaro reaction with a fourth equivalent of formaldehyde to give the final product plus formate ion.
Xylitol is a chemical compound with the formula C 5 H 12 O 5, or HO(CH 2)(CHOH) 3 (CH 2)OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that structural formula. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid. It is classified as a polyalcohol and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol.
The Weimberg pathway [2] is an oxidative pathway where the D-xylose is oxidized to D-xylono-lactone by a D-xylose dehydrogenase followed by a lactonase to hydrolyze the lactone to D-xylonic acid. A xylonate dehydratase is splitting off a water molecule resulting in 2-keto 3-deoxy-xylonate . 2-keto-3-deox-D-xylonate dehydratase forms the α ...