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In the setting of head or neck trauma, an inadequate sympathetic response, or neurogenic shock, is a type of distributive shock that is caused by a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. [3] This is suggested by an inappropriately low heart rate in the setting of hypotension. [ 3 ]
The goal of treatment is to achieve a urine output of greater than 0.5 mL/kg/h, a central venous pressure of 8–12 mmHg and a mean arterial pressure of 65–95 mmHg. In trauma the goal is to stop the bleeding which in many cases requires surgical interventions. A good urine output indicates that the kidneys are getting enough blood flow.
In the cases of cardiogenic shock resulting from heart failure or acute hemorrhagic shock caused by a large volume of blood loss, the body constricts peripheral vessels to reverse the low arterial pressure that causes inadequate tissue perfusion. [22] With vasodilatory shock, it is difficult for the peripheral vascular smooth muscle to ...
Hypovolemia, also known as volume depletion or volume contraction, is a state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. [1] This may be due to either a loss of both salt and water or a decrease in blood volume. [2] [3] Hypovolemia refers to the loss of extracellular fluid and should not be confused with dehydration. [4]
Diseases such as peripheral vascular disease can also result in local hypoxia. Symptoms are worse when a limb is used, increasing the oxygen demand in the active muscles. Pain may also be felt as a result of increased hydrogen ions leading to a decrease in blood pH created as a result of anaerobic metabolism. [65]
The main goals of treatment in distributive shock are to reverse the underlying cause and achieve hemodynamic stabilization. [9] Immediate treatment involves fluid resuscitation and the use of vasoactive drugs, both vasopressors and inotropes . [ 10 ]
About 15 years ago, Steve Hamburger learned he had peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition when arteries that carry blood from the heart to arms or legs narrow.
Neurogenic shock is diagnosed based on a person's symptoms and blood pressure levels. Neurogenic shock's presentation includes: [7] [8] - warm and pink skin - labored breathing - low blood pressure - dizziness - anxiety - history of trauma to head or upper spine. - if the injury is to the head or neck, hoarseness or difficulty swallowing may occur.