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The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer . [ 2 ]
The physical layer defines the means of transmitting a stream of raw bits [2] over a physical data link connecting network nodes.The bitstream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a transmission medium.
The link layer corresponds to the OSI data link layer and may include similar functions as the physical layer, as well as some protocols of the OSI's network layer. These comparisons are based on the original seven-layer protocol model as defined in ISO 7498, rather than refinements in the internal organization of the network layer.
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control; IEEE 802.11 WiFi; IEEE 802.16 WiMAX; LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol; LattisNet; LocalTalk; L2F Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol; L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol; LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol; LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery; MAC Media Access Control; Q.710 Simplified ...
It is complemented by the MAC layer and the logical link layer. An implementation of a specific physical layer is commonly referred to as PHY. The Ethernet physical layer has evolved over its existence starting in 1980 and encompasses multiple physical media interfaces and several orders of magnitude of speed from 1 Mbit/s to 800 Gbit/s.
where the physical layer net bit rate (the wire bit rate) depends on the Ethernet physical layer standard, and may be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s or 10 Gbit/s. Maximum throughput for 100BASE-TX Ethernet is consequently 97.53 Mbit/s without 802.1Q, and 97.28 Mbit/s with 802.1Q. Channel utilization is a concept often confused with protocol ...
The data link layer packages raw bits from the physical layer into frames (logical, structured packets for data). It is specified in ITU-T Rec. X.212 [ISO/IEC 8886] , ITU-T Rec. X.222 and others. This layer is responsible for transferring frames from one host to another.
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet.The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).