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  2. Mechanical equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_equilibrium

    Consequently, the object is in a state of static mechanical equilibrium. In classical mechanics, a particle is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on that particle is zero. [1]: 39 By extension, a physical system made up of many parts is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on each of its individual parts is zero. [1]: 45–46 [2]

  3. Equilibrant force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrant_Force

    Equilibrant force. In mechanics, an equilibrant force is a force which brings a body into mechanical equilibrium. [1] According to Newton's second law, a body has zero acceleration when the vector sum of all the forces acting upon it is zero:

  4. Thermodynamic equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium

    Classical thermodynamics deals with states of dynamic equilibrium.The state of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium is the one for which some thermodynamic potential is minimized (in the absence of an applied voltage), [2] or for which the entropy (S) is maximized, for specified conditions.

  5. Chemical thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_thermodynamics

    In most cases of interest in chemical thermodynamics there are internal degrees of freedom and processes, such as chemical reactions and phase transitions, which create entropy in the universe unless they are at equilibrium or are maintained at a "running equilibrium" through "quasi-static" changes by being coupled to constraining devices, such ...

  6. Dynamic equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_equilibrium

    At equilibrium, the rate of transfer of CO 2 from the gas to the liquid phase is equal to the rate from liquid to gas. In this case, the equilibrium concentration of CO 2 in the liquid is given by Henry's law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid. [1]

  7. Equilibrium thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_thermodynamics

    A central aim in equilibrium thermodynamics is: given a system in a well-defined initial state of thermodynamic equilibrium, subject to accurately specified constraints, to calculate, when the constraints are changed by an externally imposed intervention, what the state of the system will be once it has reached a new equilibrium. An equilibrium ...

  8. Law of mass action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_mass_action

    The law is a statement about equilibrium and gives an expression for the equilibrium constant, a quantity characterizing chemical equilibrium. In modern chemistry this is derived using equilibrium thermodynamics. It can also be derived with the concept of chemical potential. [3]

  9. Restoring force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoring_force

    In physics, the restoring force is a force that acts to bring a body to its equilibrium position. The restoring force is a function only of position of the mass or particle, and it is always directed back toward the equilibrium position of the system. The restoring force is often referred to in simple harmonic motion.

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