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The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: . Young's modulus E describes the material's strain response to uniaxial stress in the direction of this stress (like pulling on the ends of a wire or putting a weight on top of a column, with the wire getting longer and the column losing height),
G is the modulus of rigidity (shear modulus) of the material J is the torsional constant. Inverting the previous relation, we can define two quantities; the torsional rigidity, = with SI units N⋅m 2 /rad. And the torsional stiffness,
Relations for other moduli are found in the (λ, G) row of the conversions table at the end of this article. Although the shear modulus, μ, must be positive, the Lamé's first parameter, λ, can be negative, in principle; however, for most materials it is also positive. The parameters are named after Gabriel Lamé.
The shear modulus or modulus of rigidity (G or Lamé second parameter) describes an object's tendency to shear (the deformation of shape at constant volume) when acted upon by opposing forces; it is defined as shear stress over shear strain. The shear modulus is part of the derivation of viscosity.
Illustration of uniform compression. The bulk modulus (or or ) of a substance is a measure of the resistance of a substance to bulk compression.It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume.
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress.They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength.
Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].
Shear modulus: Ratio of shear stress to shear strain (MPa) Shear strength: Maximum shear stress a material can withstand; Slip: A tendency of a material's particles to undergo plastic deformation due to a dislocation motion within the material. Common in Crystals. Specific modulus: Modulus per unit volume (MPa/m^3)