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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch , M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid .
Mycobacterium bovis and the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin strain; Mycobacterium microti; Mycobacterium canettii; Mycobacterium caprae; Mycobacterium pinnipedii; Mycobacterium suricattae [2] Mycobacterium mungi [3] In addition, two branches exist which have phylogenetic similarities but are not completely described: the dassie and oryx bacilli.
The abbreviation TB is short for tubercle bacillus. Consumption was the most common nineteenth century English word for the disease, and was also in use well into the twentieth century. The Latin root con meaning 'completely' is linked to sumere meaning 'to take up from under'. [204]
Short, relatively plump bacilli (rods) in tissue smears, large slender beaded rods in culture. They have no flagella or fimbria, and no capsule. [citation needed] Mycobacterium tuberculosis group bacteria are 1.0-4.0 μm long by 0.2-0.3 μm wide in tissues. In culture, they may appear as cocci, or as bacilli up to 6-8 μm long. [citation needed]
A bacillus (pl.: bacilli), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of
The function of cord factor is highly dependent on what environment it is located, and therefore its conformation. [15] This is evident as cord factor is harmful when injected with an oil solution, but not when it is with a saline solution, even in very large amounts. [15] Cord factor protects M. tuberculosis from the defenses of the host. [1]
The original tuberculin was a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli and was developed as a remedy for tuberculosis. This was originally considered a cure for tuberculosis, given to patients in subcutaneous doses of a brownish, transparent liquid that was gathered through cultured filtrates. [ 6 ]
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