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Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. [1] [2] It was first described by John Holloszy in the 1960s, when it was discovered that physical endurance training induced higher mitochondrial content levels, leading to greater glucose uptake by muscles. [3]
Mitochondrial respirometry measures the consumption of oxygen by the mitochondria without involving an entire living animal and is the main tool to study mitochondrial function. [13] Three different types of samples may be subjected to such respirometric studies: isolated mitochondria (from cell cultures, animals or plants); permeabilized cells ...
These fields are covered by whole animal and cellular (or mitochondrial) respirometry, respectively. [ 4 ] A simple whole plant respirometer designed to measure oxygen uptake or CO 2 release consists of a sealed container with the living specimen together with a substance to absorb the carbon dioxide given off during respiration, such as soda ...
With this mutation, cells are stimulated to divide by abnormally low levels of mitogens. One such example is HER2 , a receptor tyrosine kinase that responds to the mitogen EGF. Overexpression of HER2 is common in 15-30% of breast cancers, [ 7 ] allowing the cell cycle to progress even with extremely low concentrations of EGF.
A new study explains how mitochondria act as “reservoirs” to store NAD for cells to use, which could help scientists come up with NAD-boosting therapies to combat aging and age-related diseases.
Formation of ROS as a mitochondrial waste product will eventually lead to cytotoxicity and cell death. Because of their role in metabolism, mitochondria are very susceptible to ROS damage. Damaged mitochondria cause a depletion in ATP and a release of cytochrome c, which leads to activation of caspases and onset of apoptosis. Mitochondrial ...
The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA).
Midzone division is linked to mitochondrial biogenesis, which occurs when the cell is proliferating and requires an increased number of mitochondria. In contrast, peripheral division is associated with the removal of damaged mitochondrial units from the network, with these mitochondria being targeted for autophagy or mitophagy, leading to their ...