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  2. Serum free light-chain measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_free_light-chain...

    Abnormal free light chain production has also been reported to be prognostic of a worse outcome in multiple myeloma [36] [37] [38] and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. [39] An abnormal light-chain ratio has been defined as a kappa to lambda chain ratio of less than 0.26 or more than 1.65. [32]

  3. Immunoglobulin light chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain

    Each light chain is composed of two tandem immunoglobulin domains: one constant (C L) domain; one variable domain (V L) that is important for binding antigen; The approximate length of a light chain protein is from 211 to 217 amino acids. [3] The constant region determines what class (kappa or lambda) the light chain is. [8]

  4. Light chain deposition disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_chain_deposition_disease

    Light chain deposition disease can affect any organ. [3] Renal involvement is always present and can be identified by microscopic hematuria and proteinuria.Due to the gradual buildup of light chains from plasma filtration, renal function rapidly declines in the majority of patients with LCDD as either acute tubulointerstitial nephritis or rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.

  5. Plasma cell dyscrasias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell_dyscrasias

    Light chain MGUS is defined as a disorder in which a serum κ to λ free light chain ratio falls outside the normal range of 0.26–1.65 (mean =0.9) provided that it is not associated with: a) any of the CRAB criteria, b) a bone marrow plasma cell count of 10 or a higher percentage of nucleated cells, c) evidence of amyloid deposition (see ...

  6. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia

    In practice, this is inferred by the detection of only one of the mutually exclusive antibody light chains, kappa or lambda, on the entire population of the abnormal B cells. Normal B lymphocytes consist of a stew of different antibody-producing cells, resulting in a mixture of both kappa- and lambda-expressing cells.

  7. Waldenström macroglobulinemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldenström_macroglobulinemia

    High-resolution electrophoresis and serum and urine immunofixation are recommended to help identify and characterize the monoclonal IgM paraprotein. The light chain of the monoclonal protein is usually the kappa light chain. At times, patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia may exhibit more than one M protein. Plasma viscosity must be ...

  8. AOL Mail for Verizon Customers - AOL Help

    help.aol.com/products/aol-mail-verizon

    AOL Mail welcomes Verizon customers to our safe and delightful email experience!

  9. Myeloma protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloma_protein

    Serum protein electrophoresis showing a paraprotein (spike/peak in the gamma zone) in a patient with multiple myeloma.. A myeloma protein is an abnormal antibody (immunoglobulin) or (more often) a fragment thereof, such as an immunoglobulin light chain, that is produced in excess by an abnormal monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, typically in multiple myeloma or Monoclonal gammopathy of ...