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Polydipsia is excessive thirst or excess drinking. [1] The word derives from Greek πολυδίψιος (poludípsios) 'very thirsty', [2] which is derived from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús) 'much, many' and δίψα (dípsa) 'thirst'. Polydipsia is a nonspecific symptom in various medical disorders.
Polyuria (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ jʊər i ə /) is excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine (greater than 2.5 L [1] or 3 L [6] over 24 hours in adults). Increased production and passage of urine may also be termed as diuresis .
Hyperthermia, polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, inability to form concentrated urine, intellectual disability if diagnosis delayed. Symptoms in infancy: Hyperosmolar plasma, dilute urine Autosomal dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type 2 [192340] AQP2: 12q13: AD and AR: Polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, inability to form concentrated urine.
Untreated central diabetes insipidus patients usually exhibit polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia as a result of the initial rise of serum sodium and osmolality. [5] Patients may also experience neurologic symptoms associated with the underlying illness, such as headaches and diplopia, depending on the exact origin of the central diabetes insipidus.
With increased osmolarity, the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate thirst. With increased thirst, the person now experiences a polydipsia and polyuria cycle. [citation needed] Hereditary forms of diabetes insipidus account for less than 10% of the cases of diabetes insipidus seen in clinical practice. [16]
High serum osmolarity stimulates polydipsia in an attempt to dilute the serum back to normal and provide free water for excreting the excess serum solutes. However, since the patient is unable to concentrate urine to excrete the excess solutes, the resulting urine fails to decrease serum osmolarity and the cycle repeats itself, hence polyuria.
Primary polydipsia may have physiological causes, such as autoimmune hepatitis. Since primary polydipsia is a diagnosis of exclusion, the diagnosis may be made for patients who have medically unexplained excessive thirst, and this is sometimes incorrectly referred to as psychogenic rather than primary polydipsia. [13]
Symptoms of high blood sugar including increased thirst (polydipsia), increased volume of urination (polyuria), and increased hunger . [6] Symptoms of HHS include: Altered level of consciousness; Neurologic signs including: blurred vision, headaches, focal seizures, myoclonic jerking, reversible paralysis [6]