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Eutrophication is a common phenomenon in coastal waters, where nitrogenous sources are the main culprit. [21] In coastal waters, nitrogen is commonly the key limiting nutrient of marine waters (unlike the freshwater systems where phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient).
Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients.It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters (lakes, rivers and coastal waters), in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algal growth. [1]
Eutrophication may lead to excessive nutrients from sewage and animal wastes; ... This is the most common type of estuary in temperate climates.
The algae engage in photosynthesis which supplies oxygen to the fish and biota which inhabit these waters. Occasionally, an excessive algal bloom will occur and can ultimately result in fish death, due to respiration by algae and bottom-living bacteria. The process of eutrophication can occur naturally and by human impact on the environment.
The most notable effects of eutrophication are vegetal blooms, sometimes toxic, loss of biodiversity and anoxia, which can lead to the massive death of aquatic organisms. [8] Due to the hypoxic conditions present in dead zones, marine life within these areas tends to be scarce.
HABs are induced by eutrophication, which is an overabundance of nutrients in the water. The two most common nutrients are fixed nitrogen ( nitrates , ammonia , and urea ) and phosphate . [ 6 ] The excess nutrients are emitted by agriculture , industrial pollution, excessive fertilizer use in urban/suburban areas, and associated urban runoff .
Oxygen depletion, resulting from nitrogen pollution and eutrophication, is a common cause of fish kills. Ecosystems Water pollution is a major global environmental problem because it can result in the degradation of all aquatic ecosystems – fresh, coastal, and ocean waters. [ 75 ]
The process of the oversupply of nutrients leading to algae growth and oxygen depletion is called eutrophication. Algal and bacterial blooms have persistently contributed to mass extinctions driven by global warming in the geologic past, such as during the end-Permian extinction driven by Siberian Traps volcanism and the biotic recovery ...