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An introduction to FAIR data and persistent identifiers. FAIR data is data which meets the FAIR principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR). [1] [2] The acronym and principles were defined in a March 2016 paper in the journal Scientific Data by a consortium of scientists and organizations. [1]
Examples of fair use in United States copyright law include commentary, search engines, criticism, parody, news reporting, research, and scholarship. [7] Fair use provides for the legal, unlicensed citation or incorporation of copyrighted material in another author's work under a four-factor test.
Since self-regulatory initiatives fall short of ideal implementation of the principles (the 2000 FTC Report noted, for example, that self-regulatory initiatives lacked meaningful monitoring and enforcement policies and practices), the Commission recommends that the United States Congress enact legislation that, in conjunction with continuing ...
The principle is part of justice that established distributive justice.Rawls awards the fair equality of opportunity principle lexical priority over the difference principle: Society cannot adjust inequality to maximize the proportion of those who are most vulnerable without providing positions and the opportunities that are necessary for the worse-off to achieve them.
For example, in an example in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, a warrior society might provide equal opportunity for all kinds of people to achieve military success through fair competition, but people with non-military skills such as farming may be left out. [2] Lawmakers have run into problems trying to implement equality of opportunity.
Fair relates mainly to the underlying licensing terms. Drawing from anti-trust/competition law; fair terms means terms which are not anti-competitive and that would not be considered unlawful if imposed by a dominant firm in their relative market. Examples of terms that would breach this commitment are: requiring licensees to buy licenses for ...
A free and fair election is defined as an election in which "coercion is comparatively uncommon". This definition was popularized by political scientist Robert Dahl.A free and fair election involves political freedoms and fair processes leading up to the vote, a fair count of eligible voters who cast a ballot, a lack of electoral fraud or voter suppression, and acceptance of election results ...
For example, if the procedure is a criminal trial, then the correct outcome would be conviction of the guilty and exonerating the innocent. If the procedure were a legislative process, then the procedure would be fair to the extent that it produced good legislation and unfair to the extent that it produced bad legislation.