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Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian. The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000–11,000 years ago, after the ice from the last glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BCE.
Germany first recognised Estonia's independence on 9 July 1921. In 1939, Germany signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the Soviet Union, which allowed the Soviet invasion of Estonia in 1940 during World War II. From 1941 to 1944 Germany occupied Estonia. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991. [1]
Estonia hosted the first Eurovision Song Contest in a former Soviet republic. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Summit in Prague: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia were invited to join NATO. 2003: Estonia approved joining the European Union in a referendum with 66% agreed with joining and 34% were against it ...
Estonia declared independence on 24 February 1918. After a brief German occupation in World War I, Estonia regained independence and was subsequently invaded by the Red Army. A series of conflicts followed: 1918–1920, Russian Civil War (1917–1922); 1918–1920, the Estonian War of Independence
The history of Estonia from 1918 to 1940 spanned the interwar period from the end of the Estonian War of Independence until the outbreak of World War II. It covers the years of parliamentary democracy, the Great Depression and the period of corporatist authoritarian rule .
Republic of Estonia Eesti Vabariik (Estonian) Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm Location of Estonia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend] Capital and largest city Tallinn 59°25′N 24°45′E / 59.417°N 24.750°E / 59.417; 24.750 Official language Estonian [a] Ethnic groups (2024) 68% Estonians 22% ...
Toompea Castle (Toompea loss). Around 1050, the first fortress was built on Tallinn - Toompea. [3]As an important port for trade between Novgorod and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Denmark during the period of Northern Crusades in the beginning of the 13th century when Christianity was forcibly imposed on the local population.
In 1941 Estonia was occupied by German troops and after a brief period of military rule by the commanders of the Army Group North (in the occupied USSR), a German civilian administration was established. On 5 December 1941, the territory of Estonia was organized as Generalbezirk Estland, subordinated to the Reichskommissariat Ostland.